First Term Lesson Note for Week Two

Class : JSS 1

Subject : Basic Science

Topic : Characteristics of Living and Non-living things

Duration : 80 Minutes

Periods: Double Period

Learning Objectives : By the end of the lesson learners will be able to :

I. Describe living things and Non-Living with examples

II. State the Characteristics of Plants and Animals

III. Mention the Importance of plants and animals

Content :

Living thing is an organism that has life. That is, it possesses all the characteristics features that enables it to perform certain activities that non-living things cannot perform.The characteristics of living things can be used to make differences between plants and animals.

EXAMPLES OF LIVING AND NON LIVING THINGS

Examples of living things

Some examples of living things include the following organisms: goat, sheep, bird, cow, toad, rat, rabbit, earthworm, tapeworm, housefly, maize plant, mango tree, orange tree, coconut tree, rhizopus, euglena, etc.

Examples of non living things: The following are examples of some non living things around us: stone, pen, book, table, chair, beg, pencil, shoe, water, cup, bucket, air, radio, hand-set, cleaner. Etc.

Characteristics of Living and Non-living things

1. Living things can move, but non-living things cannot.

2. Energy is required by living things, while non-livings do not require energy.

3. Living things are capable of growth, reproduction and death.

4. Non-living things are non-motile, but living things can move around.

5. Living things respire; non-living things do not respire.

6. Living things adapt to the surroundings and respond to stimulus.

EVALUATION

State five characteristics of living and non living things.

List four examples of living things.

Differences in Characteristics of Plants and Animals

PLANTS ANIMALS

MOVEMENT

Animals are active because they have organs for movement e.g. Movement in plants is aided by external leg, limbs, cilia, flagella forces such as wind and current

RESPIRATION

Plants take in carbon dioxide and Animal take in oxygen and give out oxygen give out carbon dioxide

3. NUTRITION

Animals move from one place Plants make their food by using to another to obtain ready- simple inorganic substance and sun made food. energy

4. IRRITABILITY

Animals respond quickly to Plants respond slowly to external external stimulichanges

5. GROWTH

Animals have limited growthPlants have unlimited growth

6. EXCRETION

Animals produce a lot of Plants produce very little waste waste products, because they Products e.g. gum, latex are active. e.g. urine, faeces

7. REPRODUCTION

Animals reproduce to give Plants reproduce to give new individual young one. Some animals give which are much more resembling each birth to young one alive, e.g.other. E.g. mango and orange fruits man, goat, cow, monkey

EVALUATION

Give four differences between plants and animals

State five examples of animals that can give birth to young one alive

IMPORTANCE OF PLANTS AND ANIMALS TO HUMAN BEINGS

Plants are useful to human beings in the following ways:They help in the beautification of mans environmentThey are sources of food for humanThey provide fresh air to human beings by taking dangerous carbonOxide away from the air and releasing oxygen into airThey provide human beings with industrial raw materials e.g. plants for buildingThey provide fire wood for human beings to cook at homeThey provide human beings with roughages to run their bowelsThey return water back into the air to reduce the temperature to a bearable level for the comfort of human beingsThey provide cloud formation by returning water into the atmosphereThey help to reduce soil erosion by holding the soil particles together.

USES OF ANIMALS TO HUMAN BEINGS

Animals are useful to human beings in the following ways:Some animals serves as source of protein to human beings when they are consumed Products of some animals are useful for human beings as food or medicine e.g. honey produced by beesProducts of some animals are raw materials to some manufacturing industries e.g. skin, milk, horn, etc.Some animals e.g. horses and camels are used farm worksSome animals e.g. horses and donkeys serve as a means of transportation to human beingsSome animals serves as source of revenue to human beings e.g. hen etc.Some animals e.g. dogs, provides security to human beingsSome animals e.g. dogs are used for hunting by farmersSome animals are trained to entertain human beings

EVALUATION

1. Give four ants and animals

2. State five examples of animals that can give birth to young one alive

3. State two differences between plants and animals

4. State five uses of animals to human beings

5. State five uses of plants to human beings

WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT

1. ________________ is the site for photosynthesis in plants[a] cell wall [b] nucleus [c] chloroplast [d] ribosome

2. is an act of changing position of parts or the whole of an organism [a]Excretion [b] Irritability [c] movement [d] reproduction

3. The organ that assist mammal to move is [a] leg [b] muscle [c] hand [d] bone

4. _______________ is the act of getting rid of waste product out of the body of living thing [a] respiration [b] irritability [c] excretion [d] reproduction

5. Ability of plants to respond to stimuli is very slow because [a] they are too large [b] they have leaves [c] they do not have organs for movement [d] they have very thick bark.

THEORY

State eight differences between plants and animals.

Mention two examples of animals that can :

a) give birth to young one alive.

b) lay eggs before hatch them to produce young one.