SUBJECT : BASIC TECHNOLOGY
CLASS : JSS 3
TOPIC : BUILDING COMPONENT (DOORS AND WINDOW)
DOORS
A door is a solid barrier that closes and the opening entrance to a building or a room. The principal function of a door to a building is to prevent access to an enclosed space. A door has the following components, which are brace, ledge, rail and reinforced bar.
FUNCTIONS OF A DOOR.
a) It serves as a means of escape for its inhabitants.
b) It adds beauty to the design of a building.
TYPES OF DOORS.
There are two types of doors used in building structures are:
1) INTERIOR DOORS: These are the doors that are used inside a building or where security is very much needed. The interior doors are used for decorative purpose only. Examples are: The Panel door, The Flush door, The French door, The Louvre door.
2) THE EXTERIOR DOORS: These are the doors that are used to open to the outside of a building. These are solid core construction and are usually made of hardwood, metal or metal with glass. The exterior doors are fixed at the entrance to a building. Examples are: The Sliding door, The Revolving door, The Dutch door, The Folding door and The Roller Shutter door.
Diagram of doors
WINDOWS
A window is an opening in wall, designed for the purpose of admitting light and air into an enclosed space.
FUNCTIONS OF A WINDOW.
1) To allow air into the building.
2) To allow light into the building.
3) To allow the inhabitants to see the outside from within a building.
4) To provides good ventilation by allowing in fresh air from the surroundings.
5) To add beauty to the design of the buildings.
TYPES OF WINDOWS.
There are different types of windows, which are:
1) The Casement window.
2) The Louvre window.
3) The Double hung window.
4) The French window.
5) The Hopper window.
6) The Sliding window.
Diagrams of windows
ROOF
A roof is the top feature in a building structure which provides covering for the entire building. It covers the entire building and protects the properties and internal decoration. The roof is supported by a frame work of: Ridge Cap, Trusses, Purlin, Rafters and Eaves.
TYPES OF ROOF.
Roofs may be classified according to their shapes or form of construction.
1) Monitor Roof: It is commonly used for large factory building and warehouse.
2) Pitched Roof: It has two surfaces slopping away from the ridge cap.
3) Arched Roof: It has only one slope to the rear. The top of the roof is round in shape.
4) Butterfly Roof: it has double shed roof which slopes inward.
5) Hipped Roof: It has four slanting surfaces from the ridge cap.
6) Mansard Roof.
7) Lean-to Roof.
8) Combination Roof.
9) Shed Roof.
Diagrams of types of roof
STAIR CASE
The stairs case refers to a series of steps which facilitate walking or access from one level or floor to another. Stairs may be constructed of wood or metal or reinforced concrete. The steps are formed by series of risers and treads in a stair.
DIAGRAM OF A STAIR CASE.