Second Term Lesson Note for Week Four
Class : SSS 1
Subject : Physics
Topic : Expansivity (Area and Volume)
Duration : 40 Minutes
Period : Single Period
Reference Book :
- New School Physics for Senior Secondary School.
- All Inclusive Physics for Senior Secondary School.
- Lagos State Unified schemes of work for Senior Secondary School, SSS 1 – 3.
- Online Resources
Instructional Material : Chart showing the relationship between linear, area and volume expansivity.
Learning Objectives : By the end of the lesson learners will be able to :
i. Explain Expansivity and Its Application
ii. Identify the types of expansivity Linear, Area and Volume.
iii. Explain the Anomalous Expansion of Water.
iv. Discuss the Real and Apparent Expansivity
Content :
Linear Expansivity of Solid
Area Expansivity of Solid
Cubic Expansivity of solid and Liquid
Anomalous Behavior of Water
Linear Expansivity
Linear expansivity of a solid can be defined as increase in length per unit length, per unit degree rise in temperature. It is denoted by (α) and measure in per Kelvin or per degree Celsius.
Mathematical representation
α= L2 – L1
L1 (Ө2 – Ө1) ______________ (i)
Linear expansivity (α)= increase in length
Unit length x temp change
L1 is the original length Ө1 is the initial temperature
L2 is the final length Ө2 is the final temperature
▲L = L2 – L1
▲Ө = Ө2 – Ө1 α = ▲L
L1 ▲Ө ________ (ii)
α = L2 – L1
L1 X ▲Ө
L2 – L1 = α L1 ▲Ө
L2 = L1 + X L1 ▲Ө
L2 = L1 (1 + X ▲Ө)
N.B. ▲L = L2 – L1
▲Ө = Ө2 – Ө1
A brass rod is 2m long at a certain temperature. What will be the length for a temperature rise of 100K , if the linear expansivity of brass 18 x 10-6K-1
SOLUTION
L1 = 2m, L2 =?, ▲Ө = 100K, α = 18x1o-6k-1
L2 = L1 (1 + α▲Ө)
L2 = 2 (1 + (18 X 10-6 X 100)
= 2(1 + 0.00018
= 2 (1.OOO18)
= 2.0036m
Area Expansivity
The area/superficial expansivity is the increase in area of per unit area per degree rise in temperature. It is donated by (β) and measured in per Kelvin and per 8C
β = A2 – A1
A1 (Ө2 – Ө1)
Recall; L2 = L1 (1 + α ▲ Ө)
Similarly b2 = b1 (1 + α ▲ Ө)
A2 = L1 (1 + α ▲ Ө) X b1 (1 + α ▲ Ө)
= L1b1 (1 + α ▲ Ө) (1 + α ▲ Ө)
A2 = A1 (1 + 2 α ▲ Ө + (α ▲Ө) ²
A2 = A1 (1 + 2 α ▲ Ө)
A2 = A1 (1 + β ▲ Ө)
EVALUATION
A brass rod is 2m long at a certain temperature. What will be its length for a temperature rise of 90K, if the linear expansivity of brass is 1.8 x 10-6K-1
Prove that A2 = A1(1 + β▲ Ө).
Volume/Cubic Expansivity
It is denoted by (Y). It is the increase in volume per unit volume per degree rise in
temperature
Y = V2 – V1
V1 (Ө2 – Ө1) ___________ (i)
Y = 3α _________ (ii)
Relationship between α: β: Y: = 1: 2
Real and Apparent Cubic Expansivity of Water
Real or absolute cubic expansivity (Yr) .The real / absolute of the liquid is the increase in volume by unit volume per degree rise in temperature.
Apparent Cubic Expansivity (Ya)
The apparent cubic expansivity is the increase in volume per unit rise when heated in an expansible vessel.
Yr = Ya + Y
Anomalous Behaviour of Water
Most liquid except water expand when heated. This abnormal behavior of water is what is refer to as anomalous expansion of water. When water is heated from 0°C, it contracts until it reaches 4°C and beyond this point, water expands normally. The anomalous expansion of water takes place between 0°C and 4°C.
EVALUATION
1. With the aid of a diagram, explain the anomalous behavior of water.
2. Describe an experiment to determine the apparent cubic expansivity of a liquid
Reading Assignment
New School Physics pg 38 40,43 – 46
WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
1. The anomalous expansion of water takes place between/at __________. A. 1°C and 4°C B. 0°C and 4°C C. 4°C and 25°C D. all temperature
2. The SI unit of linear expansivity is __________ A. per Celsius B. per Fahrenheit C. per Kelvin D. per Joules
3. If the linear expansivity of a solid is 1.8 X 10 -6 k-1, the area expansivity will be
A.0.9 X 10 -6 B. 3.6 X 10 -6 C. 1.8 X 10 -6 D. 5.4 X 10-6
4. A metal of length 15.01m is heated until its temperature rises by 60°C. If its new length is 15.05, calculate its linear expansivity
A. 0.0004/K B. 0.00004/K C. 0.004/K D. 0.04/K
5. The increase in volume of 10cm3 of mercury when the temperature rises by 100°C is 0.182cm3. What is the cubic expansivity of mercury A. 0.000182/K
B. 0.0000182/K C. 0.000187/K D. 0.000178/K
THEORY
1. Explain the anomalous behavior of water
2. If a cube metal box made of iron of side 2cm is to be used for construction, and the expected temperature difference is 90°C. What will be the expected change in volume of the cube box if the linear expansivity of iron is 1.25 X 10-5.