Second Term Lesson Note for Week One.
Class : Primary Four
Subject : Mathematics
Topic : Fractions ( Meaning, types of Fractions)
Duration : 80 Minutes
Period : Double Period
Reference Book :
New Method Mathematics for Primary Schools, Book 4, by Learn Africa.
Lagos State Unified schemes of work for Upper Primary Schools, Primary 4 – 6.
Online Resources
Instructional Material : Chart showing the types of Fractions with examples
Learning Objectives : By the end of the lesson learners will be able to :
i. Define fractions
ii. Identify and explains the types of fractions
iii. Convert from improper fractions to mixed numbers and vice – versa.
Content :
A fraction is a part of whole number. This part are divided into equal parts. It consist of two number called ‘numerator’ and ‘denominator’.
For example : In the fraction 2/3,
2 – Numerator and 3 – Denominator
Examples of fractions are 1/2, 3/5, 4/9, 2/3, 7/10, 14/5, 7/2, etc.
A numerator is the number found at the top of a given fraction. E.g. 1/2, 3/5, 4/9, 7/10.
The numerator of the above fractions are: 1, 3, 4, and 7 respectively. These are the number on top of the fractions.
A denominator is the number found at the bottom of a given fraction. E.g 2/3, 4/5, 5/9, 7/10.
The denominator of the given fractions are : 3, 5, 9, and 10 respectively. These are the numbers at the bottom of the fractions.
Types of Fractions
There are three types of fractions. These are :
1. Proper Fractions : These are fractions in which the numerator is lesser than the denominator. For example, 1/3, 2/5, 3/7, 5/12, 7/9, 12/15, etc.
2. Improper Fractions : These are fractions in which the numerator is greater than the denominator. For example: 5/2, 7/3, 12/5, 27/6, 9/4, 30/7
3. Mixed Fractions / Numbers : These are fractions that contains a whole number and a proper fraction. For example: 3¾, 7½, 5¼, 12 5/8,
Converting Improper Fractions to Mixed numbers.
When changing from improper fraction to mixed number, divide through, write out the whole number, then the remaining numerator all over the denominator.
Examples : Change the following to mixed number.
1. 7/2 = 3 1/2
2. 27/7 = 3 6/7
3. 50/9 = 5 5/9
Changing from mixed number to improper fraction.
When changing from mixed number to improper fraction, first multiply the denominator with the whole number, then add numerator all over the denominator.
(Denominator x whole no. + numerator) Denominator
For example,
1. 8 3/4 = (4 x 8 + 3)/ 4 = 35/4
2. 11 1/2 = (2 x 11 + 1)/ 2 = 23/2
3. 7 3/10 = ( 10 x 7 + 3) / 10 = 73/ 10
Evaluation :
There are two kinds of fractions. These are :
Like Fractions : These are fractions that have the same denominators. E.g. 1/3 and 2/3, 2/7 and 4/7, 3/10 and 6/10, etc.
Unlike fractions : These are fractions that have different denominators. E.g. 2/3 and 1/4, 2/5 and 3/7, 3/4 and 5/9, etc.