Second Term Lesson Note for Week One & Two
Class : Primary Four
Subject : Agricultural Science
Topic : Method of Preserving Farm Produce.
Duration : 40 Minutes
Period : Single Period
Reference Book :
Learn Africa Basic Agricultural Science UBE edition for priimary school book 4.
Lagos State Unified schemes of work for Upper Primary, (Primary 4 – 6).
Online Resources
Instructional Material : Chart showing the different method of Preserving Farm Produce.
Learning Objective:- By the end of the lesson the learners will be able to :
i. State the methods of preserving foods on the farm
ii. Mention the importance of farm produce preservation
Previous knowledge : Learners are familiar with the various examples of farm produce such as maize, tomatoes etc and their tendency to get spoilt quickly.
Content :
METHOD OF FARM PRODUCE PRESERVATION
The proper keeping of food until they are needed is called food preservation. Some crop Plants will need to store until the next planting season. To make sure that they are good for planting (viable), they must be properly preserved.
IMPORTANCE OF FARM PRODUCE PRESERVATION
1. To retain the freshness of the food
2. To reduce the loss of quality of the food
3. To prolong the food shelf life
4. To prevent possible contamination and infection.
METHODS OF FARM PRODUCE PRESERVATION
The different methods of farm produce preservation are :
- Sun drying
- Smoking
- Salting
- Frying
- Refrigeration
- Canning
- Bagging
- Bottling
Sun drying
Peeled cassava, peeled yam, maize, beans can be preserved by spreading them under the sun. Drying reduce the water content of the food stuff.
Smoking
Fish and meat can be smoked with coal fire. Smoking dries the meat and fish. These meat and fish can be kept for a long time without getting spoilt.
Salting
Adding salt to some food stuffs like meat and fish can preserve them for a short period of time. The salt keeps out germs away from the from the food stuff.
Frying
Meat, fish, chicken, plantain, yam and potato can be preserved by frying. Frying removes water from the food items so that it can be kept for a long [period of time.
Refrigeration
This is a modern way of preserving food. Food items like eggs, fruits and vegetables can be preserved in the fridge. For longer preservation, meat, fish should be stored in the freezer.
Canning
In factories food are processed and canned so that they can be stored for a long time. Such foods include fruits, pepper, tomato, sardine, corned beef and soup. the can is sealed after adding some chemicals called preservatives.
Bagging
Foodstuffs can be preserved in a bag so that they can be stored for a long time e.g. rice.
Bottling
Fruit juice can be put in sealed bottles for preservation purposes.
Presentation Steps :
Step 1 : The teacher revises the previous terms work with the learners by asking questions orally.
Step 2 : Introduces the new topic by explaining preservation of farm produce.
Step 3 : State the importance of Preserving Farm Produce
Step 4 : Identify the methods of Preserving Farm Produce and explains them one after the other.
Evaluation :
1. What is food preservation
2. State four importance of food preservation
3. Mention Six methods of preserving food :
i. ________________________________
ii. ________________________________
iii. ________________________________
iv. ________________________________
v. ________________________________
vi. ________________________________
CONCLUSION :At the end of the lesson, learners were able to answer the questions correctly.