Second Term Lesson Note for Week Two
Class : Primary Four
Subject : Basic Science
Topic : Soil Composition
Duration : 40 Minutes
Period : Single Period
Reference Book :
- Lagos State Unified schemes of work for Upper Primary, (Primary 4 – 6).
- Basic Science and Technology for Primary Schools, Book 4.
- Online Resources
Instructional Material : Chart showing the soil composition.
Learning Objective : By the end of the lesson learners will be able to :
i. Define soil
ii. State the kind of soil
iii. Explain the properties of soil
Previous Knowledge : Learners have learnt that soil is the top most layer of the earth on which they live .
CONTENT
The composition of soil
Soil is the uppermost layer of the earth surface in which plant grows and animals live. Soil is made up of particles of different sizes. Besides soil particles, there are many other things in the soil. All plants grow in the soil, and their roots are inside the soil. Some animals live in the soil but, from time to time, they come to the surface. When plants and animals die, their dead bodies remain in the soil where they become decayed, rotten and later form part of the soil known as Humus. Let us find out more about things in the soil.
Things in the soil
Many living things can be found in the soil. Some animals like earthworms and termites can only live inside the soil. Living plants and animals are not the only things in the soil.
The soil also contains parts of dead plants and animals.
The soil contains water and air.
Types of soil
There are three main types of soil and these are:-
1. Loamy soil
2. Sandy soil
3. Clayey soil
Air in the soil
Soil particles have spaces between them. As you probably know, what is in these spaces is air.
Properties of soils
We have found out that soil is made up of particles of different sizes. Some are large and some are small. We will now learn more about soil particles and how soils are different in the way they allow water to pass through them
Soil particles
We can find out about the different particles of soil if we shake up the mixture of soil in water and allow this soil and water mixture to settle down
Presentation Steps :
Step 1 : The teacher revises the previous terms work with the learners by asking them questions orally.
Step 2 : He introduces the lesson by defining soil and identifies the components in the soil.
Step 3 : Mentions the types of soil and state their properties.
Step 4 : Identify the different types of particles found in the soil. The
Evaluation:
1. Define soil
2. Mention the types of soil that you know.
3. Explain soil properties
4. Soil formed from dead remains of decayed plants and animals is called _____________ soil.
5. Which of the soil type can hold or retain water?
CONCLUSION : Teacher goes over the topic once again for better understanding.
Assignment :
1. Where can we find soil particles
2. Mention three things found in the soil.
3. The soil that has large particles and can easily loose water is ______________.
4. The best soil for planting is ___________.