- 2nd Term / Term 2
Week: Week 3
Class: Primary 5/ Basic 5/ Grade 5
Subject : Basic Science
Topic : The Human Body ( Skeletal System)
Duration: 40 minute
Previous Knowledge : Learners have been taught, ‘ Reproduction in domestic animals, habits of some domestic animals and benefits of domestic animals.
Reference Materials : Smart Basic Science and Technology, Primary 5 Pupil’s Book, by Cambridge University Press.
Stan Basic Science and Technology for Primary Schools, Book 5, UBE Edition, by University Press Ltd., Ibadan.
Instructional Materials : Charts showing the human skeleton and types of bones. Online resources
Content:
The Skeleton is defined as the bony frame work of the human body. The bony skeleton of a human is the internal framework around which the body is built. The human skeletal system consists of 206 bones in an adult.
The skeleton includes the following :
i. All bones in the body
ii. The joints formed by attachment of bones to one another.
iii. The connective tissue that surrounds the bones
iv. The cartilage that surrounds the bones and connects bone to bone
v. The ligaments that connect bone to bine and tendons that connect bones to muscles.
Types of bones
The bones of the skeleton are divided into five classes according to their shape:
1. Long bones : These bones are tubular in shape and have a shaft (diaphysis) and two heads (epiphysis). The shaft consists of compact bone and hollow. Examples are the humerus and femur of the human body.
2. Short bones: These bones are cuboidal in shape and are found only in the foot and hand, for example the tarsals and carpels.
3. Flat bones: These bones consist of two plates of compact bone with spongy bone and marrow between them. Examples are bones of the skull and sternum
4. Irregular bones: These bones have various shapes, for example the facial bones and vertebrae.
5. Sesamoid bones: These bones are round or oval nodule s of bone that develop in certain tendons, for example the patella in the knee.
Functions of bones
PRESENTATION:
Step 1: The teacher revises the previous topic taught with the learners.
Step 2: He/ She introduces the new topic
Step 3: He / She explains the lesson to the learners based on the stated objectives
Step 4: He/ She makes the lesson to be interactive with group discussions
Step 5: He / She then rap up the lesson by emphasizing on the salient points.
EVALUATION: The teacher reviews the lesson by asking the following questions:
1. Study the diagram of the bones in the upper limbs and answer the following questions.
a.) Identify the parts numbered 1 – 9
b) Give two examples each of :
i. long bones: _________________, _______________
ii. short bones: _______________, _______________
iii. flat bones: ________________, ________________
iv. Irregular bones:______________, _____________
Conclusion: At the end of the lesson, learners were able to answer the questions correctly.
Assignment: Read and answer the following questions correctly.
1. ____________________ is the bony framework of the human body which gives shape and support.
2. There are over _________ bones in the body of an adult.
3. Mention four types of bones in the human body. __________________, ____________________, ____________________ and _____________________
4. State three functions of the human skeleton.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5. The connective tissue that joins or hold two bones together is called _____________________.
6. Muscles are attached to bones by the tissue known as ___________________.